What is LIPID ???
Lipids contain the elements such as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Lipids have important role for energy storing in animals and plants because it can produce more energy than carbohydrate in animals.
Lipids have important role for energy storing in animals and plants because it can produce more energy than carbohydrate in animals.
Lipids are the molecules that contain hydrocarbons and makeup by building blocks of structure and function in the living cells. There are few examples of lipids:
- Fats - Waxes - Hormones - Oils - Non- protein membrane of the cell - Certain vitamins Lipids are made up from three fatty acids and one glycerol. This formation make the lipids called as triglyceride. Most of the important thing, lipids are composed of phospholipids that form the cell membranes. Steroids are the cholesterol and this steroids are also the lipids. Lipids can be saturated (single bond) and unsaturated (double bond): i) Fatty acids (Saturated and Unsaturated) ii) Glyceride (Glycerol containing lipids) iii)Non-Glyceride (Sphingolipids) iv)Complex lipids (Lipoproteins) |
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*Functions of LIPIDS*All lipids are INSOLUBLE in WATER.
Lipids are important in: - Cell membrane structure - Hormones - Thermal Insulation - Mechanical Protection - Energy storage molecules - Electrical Insulation of Nerves - Waterproofing and Buoyancy |
*Why LIPIDs are important ?1. Lipids are most important constituent of the cell membranes.
2. Lipids helps in the absorption of fat soluble vitamins. 3. Lipids can maintain the membrane fluidity. 4. Acts as a thermal insulator and cellular metabolic regulator. 5. Helping in the synthesizing of hormone. 6. Organ padding. |
*Characteristics of lipids: |
*3 Types of Lipids: |
i) Insoluble in water
ii) Lipids can store energy iii)Support the structural components of cell membranes. iv)Help in the synthesis of vitamins and hormones |
i) Triglyceride
ii) Phospholipids iii)Steriods |
*Triglyceride*- Made up of one glycerol (3 carbon atom) attached with hydroxyl group and hydrogen atom occupy the remaining positions.
- The molecule join together through condensation which losing a molecules of water each time the link is made and a glycerol linked by ester linkage with each fatty acids. - Function : Energy storage |
*Phospholipid*- The fatty acid of a triglyceride is substituted by a phosphate group.
- Phospholipids have hydrophobic end and hydrophilic end. Hydrophobic end = Dissolved in water Hydrophilic end = Repelled by water * This properties causes phospholipids to be spontaneously form bilayers* - Most common phospholipid in animal tissue is PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE. - Function : a) Essential components of cells and organelle membranes b) Components of the lung surfactants |
*Steroid*- Have very different structure : 4 carbon rings with variety of different side chains
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